Limited jurisdiction, or special jurisdiction, is the courts' jurisdiction only on certain types of cases such as bankruptcy, family matters, etc. [1]
The courts of limited jurisdiction, as opposed to general jurisdiction, are courts whose power derives from an issuing authority (e.g. Statute, Constitution). Special jurisdiction courts always must demonstrate that they are authorized to exert jurisdiction under their issuing authority. General jurisdiction courts must only demonstrate that they may assert in personal jurisdiction over a party.
For more information See 46 Am Jur 2d JUDGMENTS ยง 40 :)